2^nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food and Aqua November 18-19, 2019 Courtyard by Marriot Bali Seminyak Resort | Bali, Indonesia

Hiroaki Yamauchi has received PhD from Nagoya University, Japan. He is the Professor of Obihiro University of Agriculture and VeterinaryMedicine. He has published more than 120 papers in reputed journals.

Recently, the bread made with Yudane dough prepared by mixing boiled water and wheat flour is popularin Japan because the bread with Yudane ischaracteristically moist, soft and sticky, a texture like cookedrice. On the other hand, the conventional Yudane dough has problems such as the lack of uniformity andunstable property because the wheat flour starch is partly gelatinized in Yudane dough. The Joule heatingmethod was applied to solve these problems in this study. The various properties of Joule heating Yudane (JY)and JY bread were evaluated compared to those of the conventional Yudane (YD) and YD bread, which is toexamine whether the new method is a useful method that can replace the conventional method. As a result, itwas proved that this new method make it possible to supply the Yudane having the stable quality and variousconstant starch gelatinization rates and the high quality Yudane bread compared to those of YD method. Themain reason was that the Joule heating method can produce the Yudane with a constant and stable quality.The quality of JY bread was enhanced in the superior characteristics of YD bread, such as elastic and stickytexture and good sweet taste, compared with those of YD bread. It is expected that the Joule heating methodcan be anefficient method to produce the Yudane dough with stable and superior properties compared withthe conventional method.

Bojan Šarkanj has completed his PhD from Faculty of Food Technology, Josip JurajStrossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia, where he hasalso been promoted to Assistant Professor. Since October 2018, he is working as the Head of Department ofFoodTechnology, UniversityNorth, Croatia. He has published 64 scientific papers to his credit.

Mycotoxins are ubiquitous toxic secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi. They are unavoidable contaminantsthat are heavily dependent on the weather conditions. To be able to reduce the exposure to the mycotoxinsusually, post-harvesting mycotoxin reduction techniques are used. One of such techniques is color sorting. Exceptthe mycotoxins, fungi are also producing the pigments as secondary metabolites, whose biosynthesis is triggered

by the same molecular mechanisms due to proximity on the gene. The exact color changes are connected tothe mycotoxin-producing fungi. The Fusarium spp. is producing the red pigment rubrofusarin and the yellowaurofusarin. The Aspergillus spp. are producing yellow asperversin and neoaspergillic acid or brown pigments.The Penicillium spp. are producing yellow anthraquinone or orange purpurogenone. The one more significantmycotoxin producer with visible changes on the color is Claviceps purpurea, the producer of ergot alkaloids.They are producing cereal like ergot sclerotia that are dark violet to black in color. The change in color is themain basis for the automated color sorting and reduction of mycotoxin contamination. Laboratory color sortingmachine “Labseed” was used for color sorting the infected seeds and up to 95% of the mycotoxin concentration wasreduced. The highest reduction was achieved with ergot alkaloids, while method was least effective for reductionof ochratoxin A (68% reduction).

Ezzat M Abd El Lateef has completed his PhD from Cairo University and worked in several national and international projects. He is anEmeritus Professor in Field Crop Research Department, National Research Center, Egypt. He has published more than 100 papers inreputed journals and conferences.

In order to determine the impact of heat stress effects as the most climate factors on mungbean varieties fieldtrials were conducted and Kawmy-1 and V 2010 varieties were subjected to extreme heat stress conditionscreated through sowing mungbean at 5 dates every two weeks namely, 15/5 (D1), 1/6 (D2), 15/6 (D3), 1/7(D4) and 15/7 (D5). The results showed that both varieties were variable in their tolerance to climate effectschanges. The yield reduction percentage was nearly doubled for Kawmy-1 when the minimum temperaturerose by 1 oC, meanwhile and reached 3 folds when the maximum temperature raised by 1 oC. Heat stressindices showed lower values as heat regimes retarded. In general, Kawmy-1 was superior in seed yield/hawhen it was sown either in D1 (15/5) or D2 (1/6) followed by V 2010 when it was planted at D1. Therewas a gradual increase in the mean minimum or maximum temperatures over D1 planting date as planting dates advanced, mean temperatures increased by 2.5-8 oC and 4.5-11 oC for the minimum and maximum temperatures for D2-D5 as compared with the best planting date D1. Photo-thermal unit (degree-dayshours) PTU accumulated for mungbean indicate that it is among the most temperature sensitive crops andproduction could fluctuate with a slight change in temperature which could be observed from the loweryields exposed to heat stress in the later planting dates compared with optimum planting date D1. Mitigationof climate change could be attained through choosing the more tolerant varieties to heat stress and avoidingexposing mungbean to retarded heat stresses.

Faten Khalil Abdullah is a Senior Research Associate in Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and Desert Agriculture and Ecosystems Program. She completed her Bachelor Degree in Zoology/Biological Sciences, KuwaitUniversity and Master Degree in Human resources practices and work technology impact upon perceived productivity. Maastricht Schoolof Management, Maastricht, The Netherlands. She has 15 years of working experience at KISR and during that period she has developedextensive expertise in collecting data of the wildlife species, survey and monitoring these different wildlife species. She has experience inmeasuring the chicken and sheep blood profile such as total WBC’s and RBC’s using Haematology analyzer. In addition, she has experiencein performing titter techniques for measuring the antibody production in chicken blood, and also ELIZA test

Naeemi is one of the three local sheep breeds and is the most preferable one in Kuwait. Although there has been an extensive amount of research evaluating different production parameters and theperformance of improved breeds of Naeemi sheep in recent years, the information regarding hematological and blood biochemical reference values is lacking, especially under Kuwait’s arid condition. In recent years,hematological and biochemical tests were widely used for the diagnosis of serious diseases and for theassessment of nutritional, physiological and immunological baseline data status of livestock. Total number ofsheep used for the experiment was 20 animals of each dry ewe, early pregnant ewes, pregnant ewes, lactatingewes, rams, one-week lamb and seven months lamb. The experiment was repeated twice in the winter seasonand in the summer season. This project focuses on establishing hematological and biochemical baseline datafor local Naeemi sheep breed raised under Kuwait’s intensive management system and investigates the factorsthat affect their values such as season, sex, age, and production cycle. The results showed that the biochemical,hematology analysis and production performance of Naeemi sheep affected by the seasons and stage of production and growth. Blood parameters of ewes at different stages of production were significantly affected(P<0.05) by seasons (summer and winter). These data could contribute to the knowledge of veterinarians formonitoring the health status, diagnostic disease and management of sheep breed in Kuwait.

Marin Milković has completed his PhD in 2006 at Faculty of Graphical Arts, University of Zagreb, Croatia, where he has also been promoted to Full Professor. Currently, he is a Rector of University North, Croatia. He is a Member of Croatian Academy of Technical Sciences since2014 and has published more than 70 scientific papers.

The food processing industry is advancing every day and new food processing techniques and food safety standards are updated nearly daily. By acquiring up-to-date news in the field and by the transfer of knowhow knowledge it helps them to stay innovative, competitive in the market with satisfied clients. This is one of the main advantages over competitors and helps them profit more from same ingredients for final products, with the usage of modern technologies, additives and by listening to the recommendations and requests of the market. Also one of the main issues, except food quality, is food safety. Here all food processing household have to meet required food safety standards, to ensure the well-being for all of the consumers and have proper arguments for health benefits statements. All of this can together with the newest food processing standards can be learned by attending a lot of seminars and workshops, mandatory hygienic minimum or all can belearned at a modern and professional study of food technology.

Lebogang Maureen Katata-Seru is currently working at North-West University in South Africa (Mafikeng Campus) as an Associate Professor (Chemistry) and Director for the School of Physical and Chemical Sciences. She has published research work in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters. She has reviewed various M&D dissertations and thesis from various universities, also international manuscripts from Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, etc. Furthermore, she was the Winner of the Public Enterprises & Institutions Sector for SA MIW 2012. She is also a Member of various professional bodies i.e., South African Chemical Institute, RSC, British Society for Nanomedicine, IUPAC, etc. Her research focus area is nanoformulating compounds for possible applications in variousagricultural fields.

The increasing demand for food and fiber has led to large scale use of inorganic fertilizers in recent years. However, these fertilizers can cause environmental problems such as soil degradation and water pollution when applied at a higher volume. Widespread evidence of sulfur deficiency on arable farmlands is commonly reported particularly in savanna areas including soils used for maize (Zea mays L.) production. The utilization of nanofertilizers represents an evolving innovation and paradigm shift in agriculture andespecially in crop fertilization to promote greater efficiency through increased surface area. It is important to have different nanofertilizers compositions that are suitable for different soil conditions in order to guarantee high productivity. In this study, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur (NPKS) from inorganic fertilizer sources were encapsulated using chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs). The CS-TPP NPs and nano NPKS fertilizer produced were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction and Zeta Sizer. The NPKS nanofertilizers were applied on maize variety WE3127 planted under greenhouse condition at different concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 ppmwith three replicates. Results of the characteristics displayed from the scans and diffractogram showed the formation of CS-TPP NPs and nano NPKS was successful, with an average particle size range of 200-500 nm and low PDI values of 0.1-0.6. The greenhouse results revealed significant treatments effect on measured maize growth parameters with the tallest maize plant obtained from 1% NPKS 40 ppm. This study showed that indeed NPKS nanofertilizers have the potential to contribute toward increase maize growth and improved

productivity.

The increasing demand for food and fiber has led to large scale use of inorganic fertilizers in recent years. However, these fertilizers can cause environmental problems such as soil degradation and water pollution when applied at a higher volume. Widespread evidence of sulfur deficiency on arable farmlands is commonly reported particularly in savanna areas including soils used for maize (Zea mays L.) production.The utilization of nanofertilizers represents an evolving innovation and paradigm shift in agriculture and especially in crop fertilization to promote greater efficiency through increased surface area. It is important to have different nanofertilizers compositions that are suitable for different soil conditions in order to guarantee high productivity. In this study, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur (NPKS) from inorganic fertilizersources were encapsulated using chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs). The CS-TPP NPs and nano NPKS fertilizer produced were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction and Zeta Sizer. The NPKS nanofertilizers were applied on maize variety WE3127 planted under greenhouse condition at different concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 ppm with three replicates. Results of the characteristics displayed from the scans and diffractogram showed the formation of CS-TPP NPs and nano NPKS was successful, with an average particle size range of 200-500 nm and low PDI values of 0.1-0.6. The greenhouse results revealed significant treatments effect on measured maize growth parameters with the tallest maize plant obtained from 1% NPKS 40 ppm. This study showed that indeed NPKS nanofertilizers have the potential to contribute toward increase maize growth and improvedproductivity.

Samodimo Ngwako has received his PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2003. He is the Dean of Research and Graduate Studies at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN) and currently Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs and Research. He is an Associate Professor in Plant Breeding and was the Head of Department of Crop Science and Production from 2011 to 2017 and Acting Dean Faculty of Agriculture (2017 to 2019). He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has served as an Editor for a number of journals.

There is now a growing realization by government and other role players in Botswana of the importance of indigenous plants as alternative food crops to enhance food security and biodiversity. An experimental research was conducted at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN), to evaluate effects of watering frequency and soil types on growth and yield of Kgengwe (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides). Four levels of watering frequency (2 days, 4 days, 6 days and 8 days) and three types of soils (sandy,sandy loam and sandy clay loam) were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There were significant differences in the watering frequency for seedling emergence, leaf area, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The highest watering frequency produced the highest stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. The lowest

watering frequency produced the lowest plant biomass except for stem dry weight. The watering frequency showed significant effect on transpiration rate and light intensity and no significant effect in photosynthesis, chlorophyll, stomata conductance and carbon dioxide. High transpiration rate was found in the six days watering frequency and lowest in eight days watering frequency. The sandy loam soil significantly produced the highest stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant fresh weight, plant dry weigh, number of flowers per branch, number of male flowers per branch, number of female flowers per branch and light intensity. The interaction between sandyloam soil and highest watering frequency produced the highest leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight,plant freshweight and plant dry weight.

Evitayani has completed her PhD from Tottori University, Japan. She is a Lecturer in Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.

This research aimed to determine the effect of FMA and bisozyme on production, dry yield and revenue cost ratio of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) on ultisol soil for first harvesting. This research was conducted with randomized group design, 4 groups and 5 variables. The groups were P0 (Manure + Fertilizer N, P, and K), P1 (Bisozyme), P2 (FMA), P3 (Bisozyme + FMA), P4 (FMA + Fertilizer N, P, and K + Bisozyme). The variables are yield, dry production and revenue cost ratio. The result of statistical analysis showed that treatment was not significant (P<0.05) to yield, while for dry production and revenue cost treatment ratio showed very different significantly P>0.05). The yield of elephant grass ranged from 46,70 until 60,51 ton/ha, while the dry production ranged from 13,54 until 20,76 ton/ha. Also the revenue cost treatment ranged from 1,27 until 4,35, respectively. From this result it is could be concluded that Bisozyme + FMA can be used as a substitute for manure and fertilizer N, P and K.

Professor Samodimo Ngwako completed PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2003. He is the Dean, Research and Graduate Studies (2019 to 2022) at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and now Acting Deputy Vice Chancellor Academic Affairs and Research. He is an Associate Professor in Plant Breeding and was the Head of Department of Crop Science and Production from 2011 to 2017, and Acting Dean Faculty of Agriculture (2017 to 2019). He has puplished more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has served asan editor for a number of jounals.

A field experiment to determine to effect of phosphorus on yield and uptake of nutrients on maize and cowpea intercrop was conducted at Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN). The experiment design was a split-plot with four levels of phosphorous (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as the main treatments, three cropping systems as sub-treatments being intercropped maize and cowpea, sole maize and sole cowpea, and two varieties Kalahari Early Pearl (KEP) maize and Tswana cowpea. The application of phosphorus did not show significant difference in the plant dry matter, but significant differences were observed in the cropping systems for the dry matter and macro- and micro-nutrients. Intercropped cowpea produced the highest whole plant dry matter compared to sole cowpea. High contents of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn and Mo in the dry matter were observed in sole and intercropped cowpea, with intercropped maize showing the lowest contents of the nutrients expect for Mo, where sole maize was lowest. The application of phosphorus showed significant difference in seed yield for P, K and Mg. The seed of monocropped cowpeas showed the highest contents of P, K, Ca, Mg and Na, whereas Cu showed the highest amount in intercropped cowpea seeds. Significant interaction between the phosphorus application and cropping systems was observed in theuptake of Fe and Cu in the plant dry matter, and Ca, Mg, Na and Cu in the cowpea seeds.

Evitayani has completed her PhD from Tottori University, Japan. She is a Lecturer in Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals.

This study aims to determine the content and digestibility of dry matter, organic material and crude protein of Taiwan elephant grass planted on coal mine reclamation land. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment P0=100% N, P and K fertilizer without FMA, P1=100% N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump, P2=75% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump, P3=50% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/ clump, P4=25% fertilizer N, P and K + FMA Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump was then carried out in vitro digestibility measurements with 3 different groups of rumen fluid use. The variables observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DM), Organic Matter (OM) and Crude Protein (CP). The results of this study indicated that the adding of different doses of N, P and K fertilizers on the coal mine reclamation land gave no significant difference (P>0.05) on the dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility. The organic matter was ranged from 57.12% (P0) to 58.55% (P4), organic matter was ranged from 58.14% (P0) to 58.55% (P4) and crude protein was ranged from 64.48% (P0) to 71.37% (P4), respectively. From the research results it could be concluded that 25% N, P and K + FMA of Glomus manihotis 10 grams/clump could reduce the use of N, P and K fertilizer up to 75%.

Koki Matsushita is a PhD student of Iwate University in Japan. His research field is food processing, especially, wheat products. He has published more than 10 papers in various journals.

In previous studies, it turned that the Yudane dough made by Joule heating method (JY) can replace the Yudane dough made by the conventional method (YD). However, even if the Joule heating method is used, the deterioration of bread making quality, which is a feature of YD method, was not improved. Because, the JY contains excess amount of gelatinized starch gel which causes the great inhibition of gluten network in thedough. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether in bread making quality of JY method dough is improved by using enzyme for bread making (AM: α-Amylase and HC: Hemicellulase). The optimal amounts of these enzymes to make the JY bread of maximal quality was reasonably and simply determined by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and optimization method (Solver). The bread making tests were done under minimum effective condition to evaluate the effect of enzymes amounts for the quality of bread. As a result, the respective optimum amount of AM and HC was 0.0047% and 0.0199%. It was also proved that the various bread qualities, such as high specific loaf volume and low staling, etc. made by the optimal condition (optimal adding condition of enzymes) were very high compared to control and JY bread without enzymes, which was mainly due to the decrease of damaged starch and hemicellulose in the dough. In conclusion, RSM and Solver was the suitable method for the establishment of optimum conditions for Yudane dough.

Daisuke Goshima is a Masters student at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan. His research field is food processing, especially, wheat products.

The factors stopping oven spring (dough expansion) during bread baking were analyzed from specific loaf volume, Gas Retention of Dough (GRD) and Thermal Expansion of Dough (TED) data measured using doughs on various final proofing times. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheological properties data of bread dough and fraction samples of starch and gluten were also measured. Based on these data, it was found that the dough temperature at which the dough oven spring stops is 55 to 60 °C and the rapid change and hardening in physical properties of the dough occurs at this temperature. Since the temperature to harden the dough and the starch gelatinization temperature in the dough coincided, the main cause of the hardening was the gelatinization of starch due to the temperature rise of the dough. It was also found that the hardening of the dough significantly reduces GRD and TED. It was revealed that the main factor to stop the oven spring of the dough was the hardening of the dough due to starch gelatinization in the dough with the increase of the dough temperature in the baking process. It is caused by the rapid decrease of dough expansion due to the drastic gas leak from the dough associated with the decreased GRD and TED, which is largely related to the gelatinization of starch in the dough during baking process, while the denaturation temperature of gluten was much higher than the stopping temperature of oven spring, so it was not significantly related to thisphenomenon.

Chiung-Yueh Chang has studied her PhD with a major in nutrition and health sciences in Taipei Medical University. She is a dietitian in a biotech company, focusing on supplement food research now.

Potatoes are the fourth largest food crop in the world (after maize, rice, and wheat), being actively cultivated in more than 100 countries. Potato proteins contain the essential amino acids recommended by the WHO, FAO, and UNU; however, most potato proteins lack the functional properties (e.g., solubility) required by the food industry. Our objective in this study was to compare potato protein isolate (PPI) and potato protein isolate hydrolysate (PPIH) in terms of solubility, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activity. The molecular weight distributions were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Protein solubility was determined using the Kjeldahl method. The particles were characterized using the 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer. The viability of skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) was determined using MTT assays. PPI presented three major bands corresponding to 30-32 kDa and 16-18 kDa. PPIH did not present any protein bands. Using the MALDI- TOF process, the molecular weight of PPIH was estimated at 103.5-422.7 Da. In nanoparticle samples, we observed a shift in the peak positions of PPI and PPIH from 10 nm to 1.7 nm. The solubility of PPIH was significantly better than that of PPI in pH3~8. PPIH group significantly increased the cell viability of C2C12 compared with PPI group. Overall, our findings indicate that PPIH is superior to PPI in terms of solubility and protective effects.